Inflation-Induced Tax Distortion
Introduction
稅法通常是針對 Nominal variables 而非 Real variables 課稅,如此會在無意中增加人民的稅賦
Example
1. Capital Gain
假設你在 20 年前用 400 賣掉,期間物價漲了 5 倍
當時的 200,所以實際上的獲利只有 400-200=\200400-40=$360$ 課
2. Interest Income
稅法也對 Interest income 收稅,我們用兩個經濟體比較來說明:
Economy A:Inflation 0%,Nominal interest rate = Real Interest rate = 4%。課 25% 稅後,Real interest rate 從 4% 降到 3%
Economy B:Real interest rate 同樣是 4%,但 Inflation 8%,根據 Fisher effect Nominal interest rate 就是 12%。稅法對整個 12% 課 25% 的稅,稅後 Nominal interest rate 剩 9%,再扣掉 8% Inflation,稅後 Real interest rate 只剩 1%
同樣 Real interest rate,然而通膨卻讓實質報酬從 3% 驟降到 1%,大幅降低 saving incentives
Solution
對稅制做 Indexation