Master Boot Record (MBR)

Introduction

It is an outdated partition scheme that is introduced many decades ago. It can only handle up to 2TB information due to design constraints

All of the critical information for MBR to work is stored in the first 512-byte sector at the first sector of our storage device

Concepts

Master Boot Code

Located at first 446 bytes in critical information sector

When BIOS finish hardware check, it reads master boot code and transfer control to it

It is responsible for examining partition table, identify active partitions, and then load OS boot loader from OS partition

Partition Table

64 bytes following master boot code sector

The table can only hold four partition entries, where each entry consuming exact 16 bytes. This is the root cause why MBR can only hold four partitions

Every entry contains

  1. Partition starting address
  2. Size of the partition
  3. Partition type
  4. Status flag indicating whether the partition is bootable

Boot Signature

The last 2 bytes in MBR sector. It serves as validity check whether MBR is ok